INDIAN FARMER DOUBLES RICE-YIELD

Two weeks ago the story of an Indian rice farmer attracted much attention in the Guardian. John Vidal described the experience of Sumant Kumar from Bihar who saw a hectare of his land yield 22.4 tonnes of rice – over four times the norm. Kumar had achieved this incredible output by the use of a little-known organic method called SRI or System of Rice Intensification.

Kumar’s experience resonated with me because in November last year Oxfam asked me to document the very same SRI technique, this time employed by farmers in Chhattisharh state. I travelled to a village called Rathkhandi and made a short film about the experiences of a farmer called Amar Singh Patel whose use of SRI has seen his rice-yield double. You can see the film above and the Guardian now features the film on their website.

Amar Singh Patel and his wife, Sona Bai on their plot of SRI cultivated rice, two weeks before harvest. ..Amar Singh Patel, age 60 owns owns 5 acres of land, 1.5 of which is irrigated. He lives in Rathkhandi village, Bilaspur District, Chhattisgarh State with his wife Sona Bai, their daughter and son-in-law and four grandchildren...On this irrigated land, Amar Singh's family cultivate rice using the SRI technique together with a small vegetable plot. The remaining 3.5 acres are leased out to share-croppers. Amar Singh was introduced to SRI by Oxfam partners Jan Swasthya Sahyog (JSS) and began growing rice using this technique in 2007...Amar Singh's land did not always produce enough food for his family to eat. When Amar Singh was a young man, he and his family had to eat wild flowers to survive. They also had to sell their cattle, buy clothing on credit and migrate in search of work...The JSS introduced SRI to Amar Singh and others in his village. SRI is an organic system of intensively growing rice that can double crop yields double. ..Using SRI, Amar Singh and his family produce enough rice for all of their annual needs from only 1.5 acres of land. They now never go hungry...By using SRI Amar Singh never has to spend money on expensive chemicals which degrade the soil. SRI also uses less seed. With fewer inputs Amar Singh has made savings and invested these in his farm. Last year he purchased a new bullock cart. And Amar Singh's grandchildren no longer have to work the land when they should be at school as he did when he was a child. ..The JSS have recruited Amar Singh to advocate for SRI and teach other farmers the benefits of this system of agriculture. ..Photo: Tom Pietrasik.Chhattisgarh, India.November 2012 (Tom Pietrasik)

Farmers Amar Singh and Sona Bai Patel survey their crop of SRI rice. Chhattisgarh. India ©Tom Pietrasik 2012

Amar Singh was trained in SRI cultivation by public health project Jan Swasthya Sayhog (JSS). I have photographed, filmed and written about the JSS’ wonderful work before and SRI-training is just one of the many strategies they employ to help improve health outcomes among the people they serve.

Accompanying me on my trip to Rathkhandi was SRI-advocate Jacob Nellithanam who explained to me that, despite well-documented evidence attesting to the efficacy of SRI, the technique is only now beginning to attract the kind of widespread interest it deserves.

Unlike conventional farming practice that promotes the use of GMO (Genetically Modified Organisms), fertilisers and pesticides, SRI cultivation offers few opportunities for outside interests to make any money. Indeed, by providing an alternative with improved outcomes, SRI challenges the very need for the inputs that are the mainstay of the chemical and biotech industries. It is of course SRI’s inability to deliver profits to anyone but the farmer that may help explain just why so few people have heard of it.

Amar Singh Patel (right) outside the family home with his wife, Sona Bai; and grandaughter, Jaymati (age 11)...Amar Singh Patel, age 60 owns owns 5 acres of land, 1.5 of which is irrigated. He lives in Rathkhandi village, Bilaspur District, Chhattisgarh State with his wife Sona Bai, their daughter and son-in-law and four grandchildren...On this irrigated land, Amar Singh's family cultivate rice using the SRI technique together with a small vegetable plot. The remaining 3.5 acres are leased out to share-croppers. Amar Singh was introduced to SRI by Oxfam partners Jan Swasthya Sahyog (JSS) and began growing rice using this technique in 2007...Amar Singh's land did not always produce enough food for his family to eat. When Amar Singh was a young man, he and his family had to eat wild flowers to survive. They also had to sell their cattle, buy clothing on credit and migrate in search of work...The JSS introduced SRI to Amar Singh and others in his village. SRI is an organic system of intensively growing rice that can double crop yields double. ..Using SRI, Amar Singh and his family produce enough rice for all of their annual needs from only 1.5 acres of land. They now never go hungry...By using SRI Amar Singh never has to spend money on expensive chemicals which degrade the soil. SRI also uses less seed. With fewer inputs Amar Singh has made savings and invested these in his farm. Last year he purchased a new bullock cart. And Amar Singh's grandchildren no longer have to work the land when they should be at school as he did when he was a child. ..The JSS have recruited Amar Singh to advocate for SRI and teach other farmers the benefits of this system of agriculture. ..Photo: Tom Pietrasik.Chhattisgarh, India.November 2012 (Tom Pietrasik)

Farmers Sona Bai and Amar Singh Patel at home with their grand-daughter Jaymati. Chhattisgarh. India ©Tom Pietrasik 2012

SRI involves a farmer providing the ideal environment by which a seed can meet it’s full genetic potential. Research over the last 30 years shows that optimum conditions are achieved when the soil is aerated and nourished with organic matter. Sufficient spacing must be provided between plants, the land should not be flooded and must be regularly weeded. As Norman Uphoff who has led research on SRI from Cornell University explains, by such apparently simple methods not only is the plant itself nurtured but so too are the thousands of species that live in on and around it and contribute to it’s vitality.

If the experience of Amar Singh is typical, then SRI has the potential to provide food for millions who would otherwise go hungry and in the process dispel the need for chemical inputs and GMO, both of which carry risks.

The implications for rural communities in the Developing World are huge and have repercussions that go beyond the supply of food.

As a child, Amar Singh used to miss school to help on the family farm; his grandchildren never work the land when they should be studying. As a young man, Amar Singh used to have to migrate in search of work; his children do not. And fewer chemical inputs have allowed Amar Singh to make savings which he has invested in his farm, purchasing equipment and livestock and in the process benefiting the local economy.

Amar Singh Patel (red shirt) and his family on their plot of irrigated land. L to R: son-in-law, Santaram; daughter, Bahura Bai; wife, Sona Bai; grandson, Limesh (age 4); Amar Singh Patel; grandaughter, Jaymati (age 11)...Amar Singh Patel, age 60 owns owns 5 acres of land, 1.5 of which is irrigated. He lives in Rathkhandi village, Bilaspur District, Chhattisgarh State with his wife Sona Bai, their daughter and son-in-law and four grandchildren...On this irrigated land, Amar Singh's family cultivate rice using the SRI technique together with a small vegetable plot. The remaining 3.5 acres are leased out to share-croppers. Amar Singh was introduced to SRI by Oxfam partners Jan Swasthya Sahyog (JSS) and began growing rice using this technique in 2007...Amar Singh's land did not always produce enough food for his family to eat. When Amar Singh was a young man, he and his family had to eat wild flowers to survive. They also had to sell their cattle, buy clothing on credit and migrate in search of work...The JSS introduced SRI to Amar Singh and others in his village. SRI is an organic system of intensively growing rice that can double crop yields double. ..Using SRI, Amar Singh and his family produce enough rice for all of their annual needs from only 1.5 acres of land. They now never go hungry...By using SRI Amar Singh never has to spend money on expensive chemicals which degrade the soil. SRI also uses less seed. With fewer inputs Amar Singh has made savings and invested these in his farm. Last year he purchased a new bullock cart. And Amar Singh's grandchildren no longer have to work the land when they should be at school as he did when he was a child. ..The JSS have recruited Amar Singh as an advocate for SRI and teach other farmers the benefits of this system of agriculture. ..Photo: Tom Pietrasik.Chhattisgarh, India.November 2012 (Tom Pietrasik)

Farmer Amar Singh Patel (in red) and his family at the farm on which they grow SRI rice. Chhattisgarh. India ©Tom Pietrasik 2012